William Shakespeare(1564 - 1616) is one of the greatest dramatists all over the world. He was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. He was the son of a glove maker John Shakespeare and his wife Mary Arden. He had one sister and one brother. William attended the local grammar school. In 1582 he married Anne Hathaway. They had two daughters. First he helped to adapt or rewrite older plays but later he started to write his own plays and he was very successful. Both Queen Elizabeth 1. and James 1. liked him very much. After his son’s death he went back to Stratford and lived a quiet life with his family. He bought a new fine house in Stratford. He died on the same date as he was born. The legend says that he died after his birthday’s party.
Shakespeare wrote 37 plays and sonnets. He wrote comedies, history plays and tragedies:
Comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, A Midsummer-Night’s Dream, Much Ado about Nothing, As You Like It
History p.: Henry 5, Richard 3. Richard 2, Henry 5, Juleps Caesar.
Tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet, King Lear, Othello.
Romeo and Juliet is about the unhappy love and death of Romeo and Juliet, the only children of two powerful houses of Verona - the House of Montague and the House of Capulet. These two houses hate each other and Romeo Montague meets Juliet at the ball. He falls in love with her although he knows that she is Capulet. They love each other very much and ask Friar Laurence to marry them. Their love and marriage are secret and by an unfortunate coincidence Romeo kills Juliet’s cousin Tybalt. Prince of Verona sends Romeo to the exile outside Verona and young Juliet is forced to get married to a young nobleman Paris. She asks Friar Laurence for help again and he gives her magic drops. After swallowing them she falls asleep for several hours and looks as if she was dead. Romeo learns about Juliet’s death and hurries to the Capulet’s Monument. He does not know about the trick and kills himself. Then Juliet wakes up and when she sees Romeo dead, she kills herself too. Both Montague and Capulet Houses reconcile only after the death of their beloved children.
In Hamlet Claudius, Hamlet’s uncle, has succeeded (nastupuje) Hamlet’s father and marries the Queen. The ghost of the dead king appears to Hamlet at Elsinor Castle and tells him about his murder (Claudius and the Queen killed him). Hamlet wants to revenge his Father’s death. He pretends to be mad because he does not know how to find some proof against. He tries to test the story of the murder with a theatrical performance during which the murder is re-enacted and, by seeing the story, King Claudius betrays himself. He sends Hamlet to England to be killed. Later Hamlet returns to Denmark. Claudius is alarmed and wants to destroy Hamlet. When Hamlet kills only by mistake Polonius, Ophelia’s father, Claudius sends Laertes, Ophelia’s brother, to a fencing match with Hamlet. Hamlet is wounded by Laertes’s poisoned sword. He manages to stab Claudius and Laertes is dying too. Hamlet’s mother drinks poisoned wine destined for Hamlet. This is a tragedy of the sufferings and hesitation of an honest, strong and responsible man who is not able to kill or punish without having a clear proof of guilt.
Food and meals
It is very important what we eat, and how we eat, because food is one of the basic things for people. Most people usually have 3 meals a day, breakfast, dinner and supper. In some cases for example in illness, or on sliming diet we have a special program for catering (stravování.) All nations have their characteristic cuisine (kuchyň), but people all over the world can prefer china food like a fish, rice etc., or Italian food, like a spaghetti and pizza.
Breakfast in our country consists usually of tea, cocoa or coffee, bread, butter and some salami or cheese. People who want to be fit eat müssli, bananas or some fruit. We don’t have so much time for our breakfast, because everything in our country starts earlier than in Britain, so we don’t think it is the most important meal of the day.
Dinner is the most important meal of the day. Mostly we eat soup, main course )hlavní chod) and afters (zákusek). It usually take a place between 12°° and 13°°, sometimes later or earlier according to the custom or family.
The supper can be warm or cold, some families don’t have supper. Or if someone wants to be slim, we have a proverb (přísloví) for to stay hungry in the evening: “Have a breakfast alone, Have a dinner with friend and give your supper to your enemy.”
Eating manners are different in every country. In our country you shouldn’t speak when you eat, you should sit evenly (rovně) and have your elbows near your body. If you are in restaurant you must have your legs under your chair. In Britain it is necessary talk with your friends or a host (hostitel). In China people sit on the floor and eat with little crook instead of knife and fork.
We can not forget to a drink. Aperitif – it is a drink before eat to have a good appetite. It is for example campari, Ciznano, Cora, Martini, with food you drink something for good digestion like vine. After the meal people usually drink whisky, gin or something harder on a full stomach.
Special Czech food is knedlo-vepřo-zelo it is a traditional food with dumplings. You can order it in every Czech pub or in a good restaurant. Sometimes the pubs are better, because the prices are lower, waiters more helpful and friendly. But if you don’t like this and if you prefer big nonpersonal restaurants, you can order this meal in hotel Intercontinental, Atrium, or in another luxury hotel as Czech speciality.
Some people prefer sweet food. It is for example pancakes, Waffles, and a speciality of Czech fruit leavened (kynuté) dumplings with cherry, peach, bilberies, strawberries, apricot or raspberry and blackberry. Usual is the apple pie as dessert or semolina cake (bábovka).
English people have a nice custom to have a tea at 5 o’clock. It is not like in our country when we have a snack. It is a special occasion. People eat slices of white or brown bread and butter with cheese, fish or ham, perhaps some vegetables, and jam. English people drink tea and coffee with milk.
American food is not so good, it is usually some sort of fast-food like hamburgers, Coke, chips. This is the country of big extremes. Some people eat in fast-foods and they are fat, other people eat in a healthy way and they have no problems with weight.
Breakfast in our country consists usually of tea, cocoa or coffee, bread, butter and some salami or cheese. People who want to be fit eat müssli, bananas or some fruit. We don’t have so much time for our breakfast, because everything in our country starts earlier than in Britain, so we don’t think it is the most important meal of the day.
Dinner is the most important meal of the day. Mostly we eat soup, main course )hlavní chod) and afters (zákusek). It usually take a place between 12°° and 13°°, sometimes later or earlier according to the custom or family.
The supper can be warm or cold, some families don’t have supper. Or if someone wants to be slim, we have a proverb (přísloví) for to stay hungry in the evening: “Have a breakfast alone, Have a dinner with friend and give your supper to your enemy.”
Eating manners are different in every country. In our country you shouldn’t speak when you eat, you should sit evenly (rovně) and have your elbows near your body. If you are in restaurant you must have your legs under your chair. In Britain it is necessary talk with your friends or a host (hostitel). In China people sit on the floor and eat with little crook instead of knife and fork.
We can not forget to a drink. Aperitif – it is a drink before eat to have a good appetite. It is for example campari, Ciznano, Cora, Martini, with food you drink something for good digestion like vine. After the meal people usually drink whisky, gin or something harder on a full stomach.
Special Czech food is knedlo-vepřo-zelo it is a traditional food with dumplings. You can order it in every Czech pub or in a good restaurant. Sometimes the pubs are better, because the prices are lower, waiters more helpful and friendly. But if you don’t like this and if you prefer big nonpersonal restaurants, you can order this meal in hotel Intercontinental, Atrium, or in another luxury hotel as Czech speciality.
Some people prefer sweet food. It is for example pancakes, Waffles, and a speciality of Czech fruit leavened (kynuté) dumplings with cherry, peach, bilberies, strawberries, apricot or raspberry and blackberry. Usual is the apple pie as dessert or semolina cake (bábovka).
English people have a nice custom to have a tea at 5 o’clock. It is not like in our country when we have a snack. It is a special occasion. People eat slices of white or brown bread and butter with cheese, fish or ham, perhaps some vegetables, and jam. English people drink tea and coffee with milk.
American food is not so good, it is usually some sort of fast-food like hamburgers, Coke, chips. This is the country of big extremes. Some people eat in fast-foods and they are fat, other people eat in a healthy way and they have no problems with weight.
Washington D.C
Washington D.C. is the capital of the USA. D.C. stands for District of Columbia. It is situated on the Potomac River with the population of about 700 000 of which about 70% are black (in metropolitan area population more than 5mil.). It’s the seat of the federal government of the United States. It also hosts many foreign embassies. Many of nation´s galleries and monuments can also be found here. It is interesting to point out, that about 20% of Washington D.C. area is a parkland.
It is named after the first american president George Washington.
History
•It is built on a ten-mile-square plot of land ceded to the federal government by two states – Maryland and Virginia. District of Columbia was established in 1790 and site for the capital was chosen by President Washington himself. It isn’t the first capital. New York and Philadelphia used to be capital earlier.
• the city was first used as the seat of Congress in 1800
• the city was planned from the beginning – it was designed by the French engineer Pierre L’Enfant and his plans were always respected by others architects
• the city was divided into four quadrants (Northwest NW, Southwest SW, Northeast NE, Southeast SE) with the Capitol as the centre. The streets from N to S bear numbers while The E-W streets are named A, B, C… It helps visitors to find their way around much easier.
• in the 1960s and 1970s the process of protection of historic buildings began, old structures were renovated rather than demolished
• at the same time a lot of parks and green spaces for which the city is famous were established.
Places of Interest
• Capitol Building – situated on Capitol Hill, design was elected by competition, in 1814 the unfinished Capitol Building was partially destroyed by fire, finally in 1827, the old Capitol was completed. It has two separate chambers – the House of Representative (south wing) and Senate (north wing), on the top of the building is the bronze Statue of Freedom, every four years the president comes here for his Inauguration
• White House - president‘s residence, exterior walls were made of sandstone and painted white. Official rooms are on the first floor while second and third floors are reserved for the Presidential family, it has 132 rooms and 20 baths and showers. In the Blue room President and First Lady receive guests at state dinners. East room – decorated in white and gold is used for the state receptions.
• Washington monument – 1885, it’s the symbol of the President Washington and Washington city. It´s about 170m tall and 4,5m wide at base (there are lots of statues of George Washington in W.).
• Jefferson Memorial – 1934, commemorates the third US President, adaptation of the ancient Roman Pantheon. A bronze statue of Thomas Jeferson holding the Declaration of Independence dominates the open-air exterior.
• Lincoln Memorial – 1922, 6m high marble statue of a seated Lincoln commemorates the 16th US President.
• Vietnam Veterans Memorial – a simple but solemn black granite wall engraved with the names of those 58 000 killed or missing in the Vietnam War.
• Arlington National Cemetery – located across the Arlington Memorial Bridge in the state of Virginia. It overlooks The Potomac River and Washington. It is the national cemetery for American military men. Many outstanding Americans are buried there including H.Taft, Robert and John F. Kenedy and contains the graves of over 200 000 military personnel.
• Pentagon – named after its shape is the largest office building in the world, situated in Arlington. It´s the home of U.S.military forces.
• National Gallery of Art - independent institution, artefacts from the Middle Ages to the present (Raphael, Tizian, da Vinci, …)
• National Theatre – focuses on plays and musicals
• American Film Institute – centre of drama, concerts and dance performances
• Concert Hall – home of the National Symphony Orchestra
• Opera House
• US Supreme Court
It is named after the first american president George Washington.
History
•It is built on a ten-mile-square plot of land ceded to the federal government by two states – Maryland and Virginia. District of Columbia was established in 1790 and site for the capital was chosen by President Washington himself. It isn’t the first capital. New York and Philadelphia used to be capital earlier.
• the city was first used as the seat of Congress in 1800
• the city was planned from the beginning – it was designed by the French engineer Pierre L’Enfant and his plans were always respected by others architects
• the city was divided into four quadrants (Northwest NW, Southwest SW, Northeast NE, Southeast SE) with the Capitol as the centre. The streets from N to S bear numbers while The E-W streets are named A, B, C… It helps visitors to find their way around much easier.
• in the 1960s and 1970s the process of protection of historic buildings began, old structures were renovated rather than demolished
• at the same time a lot of parks and green spaces for which the city is famous were established.
Places of Interest
• Capitol Building – situated on Capitol Hill, design was elected by competition, in 1814 the unfinished Capitol Building was partially destroyed by fire, finally in 1827, the old Capitol was completed. It has two separate chambers – the House of Representative (south wing) and Senate (north wing), on the top of the building is the bronze Statue of Freedom, every four years the president comes here for his Inauguration
• White House - president‘s residence, exterior walls were made of sandstone and painted white. Official rooms are on the first floor while second and third floors are reserved for the Presidential family, it has 132 rooms and 20 baths and showers. In the Blue room President and First Lady receive guests at state dinners. East room – decorated in white and gold is used for the state receptions.
• Washington monument – 1885, it’s the symbol of the President Washington and Washington city. It´s about 170m tall and 4,5m wide at base (there are lots of statues of George Washington in W.).
• Jefferson Memorial – 1934, commemorates the third US President, adaptation of the ancient Roman Pantheon. A bronze statue of Thomas Jeferson holding the Declaration of Independence dominates the open-air exterior.
• Lincoln Memorial – 1922, 6m high marble statue of a seated Lincoln commemorates the 16th US President.
• Vietnam Veterans Memorial – a simple but solemn black granite wall engraved with the names of those 58 000 killed or missing in the Vietnam War.
• Arlington National Cemetery – located across the Arlington Memorial Bridge in the state of Virginia. It overlooks The Potomac River and Washington. It is the national cemetery for American military men. Many outstanding Americans are buried there including H.Taft, Robert and John F. Kenedy and contains the graves of over 200 000 military personnel.
• Pentagon – named after its shape is the largest office building in the world, situated in Arlington. It´s the home of U.S.military forces.
• National Gallery of Art - independent institution, artefacts from the Middle Ages to the present (Raphael, Tizian, da Vinci, …)
• National Theatre – focuses on plays and musicals
• American Film Institute – centre of drama, concerts and dance performances
• Concert Hall – home of the National Symphony Orchestra
• Opera House
• US Supreme Court
Travel from Prague to London
Many people think travel from Prague to London is very far and expensive. I’ll show to you different ways how to travel there. I’ll write about travel by bus, plane, train and car. I think the most frequent travel is by bus, but the cheapest is by train.
Travel by train
It’s the cheapest, but it’s the longest way. The trip takes 19-21 hours. This option isn’t a good idea for seniors and family with small children, because trip by train is for them boring and tiring. But for lovers nature is this option nice and interesting.
Travel by bus
It is the second cheapest way how to travel to London. The trip takes 16 hours and it is more comfortable than train. But this option travel is still inappropriate for old people and small children.
Travel by plane
It is the fastest but it is most expensive way how to London from Prague. The trip takes 2-3 hours. It’s the most comfortable and shortest way how to travel. It’s appropriate for all people. Prague has own airport called Ruzyň. It’s easy to orientation there because the Ruzyň is a small airport. London has two airports. You can choice airport which is near to your hotel.
Travel by car
The shortest way is through Germany, Netherlands and Belgium. It’s the most comfortable for family with small children because they can stop anytime and anywhere on another interesting places.
Travel by train
It’s the cheapest, but it’s the longest way. The trip takes 19-21 hours. This option isn’t a good idea for seniors and family with small children, because trip by train is for them boring and tiring. But for lovers nature is this option nice and interesting.
Travel by bus
It is the second cheapest way how to travel to London. The trip takes 16 hours and it is more comfortable than train. But this option travel is still inappropriate for old people and small children.
Travel by plane
It is the fastest but it is most expensive way how to London from Prague. The trip takes 2-3 hours. It’s the most comfortable and shortest way how to travel. It’s appropriate for all people. Prague has own airport called Ruzyň. It’s easy to orientation there because the Ruzyň is a small airport. London has two airports. You can choice airport which is near to your hotel.
Travel by car
The shortest way is through Germany, Netherlands and Belgium. It’s the most comfortable for family with small children because they can stop anytime and anywhere on another interesting places.
Transport
We have many types of a transport. People use transport on all the world for transporting of the people and cargo. The fasterest transport is by the aircrafts, but it’s the most expensive. The ship transport is used for transporting the heaviest cargo.
I will write about 3 types of transport:
1) Road transport
Transport on roads can be roughly grouped into two categories: transportation of goods and transportation of people. In many countries licencing requirements and safety regulations ensure a separation of the two industries.The nature of road transportation of goods depends, apart from the degree of development of the local infrastructure, on the distance the goods are transported by road, the weight and volume of the individual shipment and the type of goods transported. For short distances and light, small shipments a van or pickup truck may be used. For large shipments even if less than a full truckload (Less than truckload) a truck is more appropriate. (Also see Trucking and Hauling below). In some countries cargo is transported by road in horse-drawn carriages, donkey carts or other non-motorized mode (see animal-powered transport). Delivery services (see Delivery (commerce)) are sometimes considered a separate category from cargo transport. In many places fast food is transported on roads by various types of vehicles. For inner city delivery of small packages and documents bike couriers are quite common.
People are transported on roads either in individual cars or automobiles or in mass transit/public transport by bus. Special modes of individual transport by road like rickshaws or velotaxis may also be locally available.
2) Ship transport
Ship transport is watercraft carrying people or goods (cargo). Sea transport has been the largest carrier of freight throughout recorded history. Although the importance of sea travel for passengers has decreased due to aviation, it is effective for short trips and pleasure cruises. Transport by water is cheaper than transport by air.
Ship transport can be over any distance by boat, ship, sailboat or barge, over oceans and lakes, through canals or along rivers. Shipping may be for commerce, recreation or the military. Virtually any material that can be moved, can be moved by water, however water transport becomes impractical when material delivery is highly time-critical. "General cargo" is goods packaged in boxes, cases, pallets, and barrels. Containerization revolutionized ship transport in the 1960s. When a cargo is carried in more than one mode, it is intermodal or co-modal.
3) Aircraft transport
Most conversions are carried out on older aircraft no longer suitable for passenger use, often due to changing safety or noise requirements, or when the aircraft type is considered to have become uncompetitive in passenger airline service, but there is also a market for new-build freighter designs. Freighter aircraft normally have strengthened cabin floors and the inclusion of a broad top-hinged door on the port fuselage in addition to an absence of passenger cabin windows which are "plugged."
The Boeing 747 can be ordered in a freighter version with a large nose door which could be raised above the cockpit for loading. The bulged top deck housing the cockpit was originally designed to allow an unobstructed main deck, and to keep cargo from crushing the pilots in the case of an accident. The interior size of the fuselage is matched to the size of a standard shipping container, stacked two high and two wide.
I will write about 3 types of transport:
1) Road transport
Transport on roads can be roughly grouped into two categories: transportation of goods and transportation of people. In many countries licencing requirements and safety regulations ensure a separation of the two industries.The nature of road transportation of goods depends, apart from the degree of development of the local infrastructure, on the distance the goods are transported by road, the weight and volume of the individual shipment and the type of goods transported. For short distances and light, small shipments a van or pickup truck may be used. For large shipments even if less than a full truckload (Less than truckload) a truck is more appropriate. (Also see Trucking and Hauling below). In some countries cargo is transported by road in horse-drawn carriages, donkey carts or other non-motorized mode (see animal-powered transport). Delivery services (see Delivery (commerce)) are sometimes considered a separate category from cargo transport. In many places fast food is transported on roads by various types of vehicles. For inner city delivery of small packages and documents bike couriers are quite common.
People are transported on roads either in individual cars or automobiles or in mass transit/public transport by bus. Special modes of individual transport by road like rickshaws or velotaxis may also be locally available.
2) Ship transport
Ship transport is watercraft carrying people or goods (cargo). Sea transport has been the largest carrier of freight throughout recorded history. Although the importance of sea travel for passengers has decreased due to aviation, it is effective for short trips and pleasure cruises. Transport by water is cheaper than transport by air.
Ship transport can be over any distance by boat, ship, sailboat or barge, over oceans and lakes, through canals or along rivers. Shipping may be for commerce, recreation or the military. Virtually any material that can be moved, can be moved by water, however water transport becomes impractical when material delivery is highly time-critical. "General cargo" is goods packaged in boxes, cases, pallets, and barrels. Containerization revolutionized ship transport in the 1960s. When a cargo is carried in more than one mode, it is intermodal or co-modal.
3) Aircraft transport
Most conversions are carried out on older aircraft no longer suitable for passenger use, often due to changing safety or noise requirements, or when the aircraft type is considered to have become uncompetitive in passenger airline service, but there is also a market for new-build freighter designs. Freighter aircraft normally have strengthened cabin floors and the inclusion of a broad top-hinged door on the port fuselage in addition to an absence of passenger cabin windows which are "plugged."
The Boeing 747 can be ordered in a freighter version with a large nose door which could be raised above the cockpit for loading. The bulged top deck housing the cockpit was originally designed to allow an unobstructed main deck, and to keep cargo from crushing the pilots in the case of an accident. The interior size of the fuselage is matched to the size of a standard shipping container, stacked two high and two wide.
The USA
Geography
The Usa is situated in the southern part of North America,between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans..Its neighbors are Canada in the north and Mexico in the south.It covers the area about of 9 mil.sq kms.The highest mountain is Mount McKinley in the Alaska Ranges and the lowest point is Death Valley. The largest rivers are Mississippi and the Misouri. In USA we can find deserts too,e.g in Nevada The border with Canada is made by Great Lakes Region (L.Superior, Huron, Erie, Ontario).There are the famous Niagara falls.
There are big variations of climate-the artic cold in northern Alaska,subtropical warmth of Hawaii and the Gulf Coast States.On the west coast temperatures change very litlle between summer and winter. The north central states have differnt climate in summer and winter.There are many national parks in the USA.,especially in the Rocky Mountains Region,where are Rocky Mountain National Park, Yellowstone National Park and the Grand Teton, where the nature is beautiful and preserved.
People
The US population is about 300 mil..
History
The American continent was discovered around the year 1000 by Vikings.The only inhabitants were the Indians. In 1492 it was discovered by Christopher Columbus,because he wanted to get in Asia for spices,textiles and also there was a navigation error, which brought Columbus to the Caribbean Sea instead to Asia.
The USA is a federation of 50 states with 48 are on the continent,Alaska in the North and Hawaii in the Mid Pacific and one district-District of Columbia. It is a republic with the president as the head of state .The USA is the member of all major international organizations: NATO, OECD, UN
Political system
The main body is called Congress - its seats are is in the Capitol. The Congress is divedid into two parts - the House of Repressentatives and the Senate.The main buildings are: Supreme Court, White House and the Capitol. The president and his Vice President is chosen every 4 years. There are two main political parties in the USA - the Democratic Party and The Republican Party.
Towns
The Capital of the USA-Washington D.C. - has 1 mil.people and there are the most important buildings in the USA - the White House - residence of the American President, the Capitol - the seat of the Congress, the Pentagon - the center of military forces. There are no factories and industry in Washington - it seems so clean and nice.
Los Angeles - the famous film center Hollywood.
San Francisco - one of the cleanest amd most interesting picturesque cities.There are frequent earthquakes. There is a famous cable car.
New Orleans - jazz was born there
Houston - with the NASA Center
Florida - a tourist area with long beaches and Miami
Philadelphia - one of the oldest cities, the center of machinery and chemical industry
Chicago - lies on the banks of Lake Michigan, the first skysraper was built there in 1882, it is the center of steel and iron industries
Detroit - the center of US car industry
Flag
The Anerican flag is called The Stars and Stripes.
The Usa is situated in the southern part of North America,between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans..Its neighbors are Canada in the north and Mexico in the south.It covers the area about of 9 mil.sq kms.The highest mountain is Mount McKinley in the Alaska Ranges and the lowest point is Death Valley. The largest rivers are Mississippi and the Misouri. In USA we can find deserts too,e.g in Nevada The border with Canada is made by Great Lakes Region (L.Superior, Huron, Erie, Ontario).There are the famous Niagara falls.
There are big variations of climate-the artic cold in northern Alaska,subtropical warmth of Hawaii and the Gulf Coast States.On the west coast temperatures change very litlle between summer and winter. The north central states have differnt climate in summer and winter.There are many national parks in the USA.,especially in the Rocky Mountains Region,where are Rocky Mountain National Park, Yellowstone National Park and the Grand Teton, where the nature is beautiful and preserved.
People
The US population is about 300 mil..
History
The American continent was discovered around the year 1000 by Vikings.The only inhabitants were the Indians. In 1492 it was discovered by Christopher Columbus,because he wanted to get in Asia for spices,textiles and also there was a navigation error, which brought Columbus to the Caribbean Sea instead to Asia.
The USA is a federation of 50 states with 48 are on the continent,Alaska in the North and Hawaii in the Mid Pacific and one district-District of Columbia. It is a republic with the president as the head of state .The USA is the member of all major international organizations: NATO, OECD, UN
Political system
The main body is called Congress - its seats are is in the Capitol. The Congress is divedid into two parts - the House of Repressentatives and the Senate.The main buildings are: Supreme Court, White House and the Capitol. The president and his Vice President is chosen every 4 years. There are two main political parties in the USA - the Democratic Party and The Republican Party.
Towns
The Capital of the USA-Washington D.C. - has 1 mil.people and there are the most important buildings in the USA - the White House - residence of the American President, the Capitol - the seat of the Congress, the Pentagon - the center of military forces. There are no factories and industry in Washington - it seems so clean and nice.
Los Angeles - the famous film center Hollywood.
San Francisco - one of the cleanest amd most interesting picturesque cities.There are frequent earthquakes. There is a famous cable car.
New Orleans - jazz was born there
Houston - with the NASA Center
Florida - a tourist area with long beaches and Miami
Philadelphia - one of the oldest cities, the center of machinery and chemical industry
Chicago - lies on the banks of Lake Michigan, the first skysraper was built there in 1882, it is the center of steel and iron industries
Detroit - the center of US car industry
Flag
The Anerican flag is called The Stars and Stripes.
The Earth
In geography, the latitude of a location on the Earth is the angular distance of that location south or north of the equator. The latitude is an angle, and is usually measured in degrees (marked with °). The equator has a latitude of 0°, the North pole has a latitude of 90° north (written 90° N or +90°), and the South pole has a latitude of 90° south (written 90° S or −90°). Together, latitude and longitude can be used as a geographic coordinate system to specify any location on the globe.
Curves of constant latitude on the Earth (running east-west) are referred to as lines of latitude. Each line of latitude is actually a circle on the Earth parallel to the equator, and for this reason lines of latitude are also known as circles of latitude or parallels. In spherical geometry, lines of latitude are examples of small circles, with the equator being a great circle.
Longitude (λ) Lines of longitude appear vertical with varying curvature in this projection, but are actually halves of great ellipses, with identical radii at a given latitude.
Latitude (φ) Lines of latitude appear horizontal with varying curvature in this projection; but are actually circular with different radii. All locations with a given latitude are collectively referred to as a circle of latitude.
The equator divides the planet into a Northern Hemisphere, a Southern Hemisphere and has a latitude of 0°.
Besides the equator, four other lines of latitude are commonly used to mark maps of the Earth. Each of these lines plays an important role in the geometrical relationship between the Earth and the Sun:
• Arctic Circle: 66° 33′ 39″ N
• Tropic of Cancer: 23° 26′ 21″ N
• Equator: 0° Latitude
• Tropic of Capricorn: 23° 26′ 21″ S
• Antarctic Circle: 66° 33′ 39" S
Only at latitudes in the tropics is it possible for the sun to be directly overhead (at the zenith). Alternatively, only within the Arctic and Antarctic circles is it possible to have a polar night or midnight sun.
Earth (or the Earth) is the third planet from the Sun and the densest and fifth-largest of the eight planets in the Solar System. It is also the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets. It is sometimes referred to as the World, the Blue Planet,[20] or by its Latin name, Terra.[note 6]
Home to millions of species including humans, Earth is currently the only astronomical body where life is known to exist.[21] The planet formed 4.54 billion years ago, and life appeared on its surface within one billion years.
The Earth's terrain varies greatly from place to place. About 70.8%[92] of the surface is covered by water, with much of the continental shelf below sea level.The remaining 29.2% not covered by water consists of mountains, deserts, plains, plateaus, and other geomorphologies.
Continents: Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, Americas, Antarctica.
Oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Southern.
Highest Mountain: Mt.Everest: 8848m
Biggest/longest rivers: Amazon, Nile
Curves of constant latitude on the Earth (running east-west) are referred to as lines of latitude. Each line of latitude is actually a circle on the Earth parallel to the equator, and for this reason lines of latitude are also known as circles of latitude or parallels. In spherical geometry, lines of latitude are examples of small circles, with the equator being a great circle.
Longitude (λ) Lines of longitude appear vertical with varying curvature in this projection, but are actually halves of great ellipses, with identical radii at a given latitude.
Latitude (φ) Lines of latitude appear horizontal with varying curvature in this projection; but are actually circular with different radii. All locations with a given latitude are collectively referred to as a circle of latitude.
The equator divides the planet into a Northern Hemisphere, a Southern Hemisphere and has a latitude of 0°.
Besides the equator, four other lines of latitude are commonly used to mark maps of the Earth. Each of these lines plays an important role in the geometrical relationship between the Earth and the Sun:
• Arctic Circle: 66° 33′ 39″ N
• Tropic of Cancer: 23° 26′ 21″ N
• Equator: 0° Latitude
• Tropic of Capricorn: 23° 26′ 21″ S
• Antarctic Circle: 66° 33′ 39" S
Only at latitudes in the tropics is it possible for the sun to be directly overhead (at the zenith). Alternatively, only within the Arctic and Antarctic circles is it possible to have a polar night or midnight sun.
Earth (or the Earth) is the third planet from the Sun and the densest and fifth-largest of the eight planets in the Solar System. It is also the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets. It is sometimes referred to as the World, the Blue Planet,[20] or by its Latin name, Terra.[note 6]
Home to millions of species including humans, Earth is currently the only astronomical body where life is known to exist.[21] The planet formed 4.54 billion years ago, and life appeared on its surface within one billion years.
The Earth's terrain varies greatly from place to place. About 70.8%[92] of the surface is covered by water, with much of the continental shelf below sea level.The remaining 29.2% not covered by water consists of mountains, deserts, plains, plateaus, and other geomorphologies.
Continents: Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, Americas, Antarctica.
Oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Southern.
Highest Mountain: Mt.Everest: 8848m
Biggest/longest rivers: Amazon, Nile
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