New Zealand

Geography:
New Zealand consists of two large islands (North and South Island) in south-west Pacific Ocean. Nearest are Australia (on west), Fiji, Tonga on north. Each of two main islands is mainly hilly and mountainous, the highest peak is Mount Cook (3764 m). The coast consists of fertile plains, especially the large Canterbury Plains on South Island. A volcanic plateau is in the centre of North Island. South Island has glaciers and 15% peaks over 3 000 m. The varried landscape of New Zealand has made it popular location for films. The best known is the Lord of the Rings trilogy.

Climate:
The climate is quite pleasant. There is a lot of sun and it often rains there. Summers are not too hot and the winters are mild.

History:
The Maoris, a Polynesian group from the eastern Pacific, reached New Zealand during the 14th century. Captain James Cook explored the coasts in about 18th century. British sovereignty was proclaimed in 1840 and the colony became a dominion in 1907. Now it is an independent member of the Commonwealth.

National Economy:
New Zealand has modern developing economy. It´s rich in oil, gas, iron and coal. The trading partners are USA, Japan, Australia and Great Britain. In N.Z. there are water powerstations and geothermal powerstations. N.Z. exports milk´s prodicts.

Government type and administration:
New Zealand has a parliamentary system where the head of state is Queen Elizabeth II represented by the Governor – General. The head of government is the Prime Minister. Elections take place every three years. The country is divided into counties. The capital is Wellington, other big cities are Manukau, Christchurch and Auckland. New Zealand is member of UN, OECD and the Commonwealth as Australia.

The flag consists of the British Union Jack in the left upper corner and four red stars in the Southern Cross constellation.